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Selama manusia memilik hawa nafsu, selama itu pula manusia dapat selalu tergoda dan selama itu pula manusia selalu akan mencoba dan mencoba terus untuk mencari jawabannya.
Termasuk jika manusia mencoba untuk melawan nasib dan takdir mereka, apapun akan dilakukan. Jika bisa, manusia juga ingin dapat memberhentikan waktu atau memberhentikan penuaan manusia.
Sejak dulu peneliti selalu mencari cara untuk mencegah penuaan dan memperlama masa muda. Kini peneliti mengklaim bahwa kunci mencegah penuaan dan awet muda tak lama lagi akan mereka temukan.
Peneliti menemukan bahwa jika mengaktifkan protein bernama Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) bisa memperpanjang usia tikus dan menunda datangnya penyakit yang berkaitan dengan usia.
Mereka kini tengah membuat sebuah pil yang diklaim mampu mencegah penuaan dan membuat orang muda serta sehat lebih lama, seperti dilansir oleh Mirror (27/02/2014).
Protein bernama SIRT-1 dan SIRT-2 diketahui memiliki peran penting dalam proses metabolisme bagi banyak spesies. Protein ini terlibat dalam perbaikan DNA dan regulasi gen, serta bisa mencegah diabetes, penyakit jantung, dan kanker.
![SRT1720 (N-[2-[3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-6-yl]phenyl]quinoxaline-2-carboxamide)](https://pasulukanlokagandasasmita.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/DNA-280x300.png)
Peneliti percaya eksperimen yang mereka lakukan terhadap protein ini bisa berujung pada penemuan yang membuat orang awet muda.
Sebelumnya, penelitian yang dipimpin oleh Rafael de Cabo dari US National Institute of Health ini telah dilakukan pada tikus dan berhasil membuat tikus tersebut hidup lebih lama dan lebih sehat.
Peneliti menemukan bahwa memberikan SRT-1720 pada tikus bisa memperpanjang rata-rata usianya hingga 8,8 persen. Tikus yang diberi makan molekul tersebut juga lebih langsing dan memiliki fungsi otot yang lebih baik.
Penelitian lebih lanjut mengungkap bahwa SRT-1720 bisa melindungi jantung dengan menurunkan tingkat kolesterol dan meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, sehingga juga bisa mencegah diabetes.
Selain itu, protein itu juga bisa mencegah peradangan yang dipercaya menjadi penyebab banyak penyakit yang berkaitan dengan usia.
Hasil penelitian ini untuk pertama kalinya menunjukkan bahwa protein SIRT sintetis bisa memperpanjang usia dan meningkatkan kesehatan tikus.
Pil berisi SIRT-1 itu diklaim oleh peneliti sebagai jalan bagi manusia untuk mendapatkan usia muda yang lebih lama dan mencegah penuaan. (Nature/ Mirror/ merdeka).
Description Figure-1:
(a) Kaplan-Meier survival curves of mice fed a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with SRT1720 at either a low (HFD-L) or high (HFD-H) dose. Mean and maximum lifespan in weeks and the hazard ratio for mortality are represented below. In the parentheses the increases in maximum lifespan from birth and then diet onset are given.
(b) Body weights of the groups over time, with average caloric intake over the course of the feeding study in the inset. Below are images of representative mice to illustrate phenotypic body mass of the groups at 82 weeks of age.
(c) SRT1720 maintained normal liver appearance and reduced the onset of fatty liver as depicted by images of whole livers harvested after 12 weeks on diets and subsequent oil red O staining. Quantification of steatosis was performed by a blinded pathologist on livers from 82 week-old mice (26 weeks on diets; n = 6). Serum levels of the aminotransferases ALT and AST were reduced by SRT1720 compared with HFD (n = 6; age = 82 wks; diet = 26 wks).
(d) SRT1720 normalized pancreas morphology as illustrated by immunostaining for glucagon-producing cells (α cells, green) and insulin-producing cells (β cells, red) in islets, and quantification of islet area and relative α-cell and β-cell areas within the islets (n = 8; diet = 12 weeks). Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.0083 from SD; †P < 0.0083 from HFD.
Figure 2: SRT1720 mitigates the negative physiological implications of a high-fat diet in mice.
Description Figure-2:
(a) Organ weights were significantly increased in the HFD mice compared with SD and reduced by SRT1720 (n = 6; age = 82 wks; diet = 26 wks).
(b) Fat mass increased in all high fat groups relative to SD, however fat mass was significantly reduced in HFD-H compared with HFD (n = 15 at 64, 80 and 94 weeks of age). HDL cholesterol was increased in sera from HFD-H mice (n = 6; age = 82 wks; diet = 26 wks). While serum glucose was unchanged, serum insulin was increased in HFD but not in HFD-H compared with SD. The HOMA calculation of insulin resistance was likewise increased in the HFD but not the SRT1720-treated group (n = 8; age = 40 weeks; diet = 12 weeks).
(c) Circadian rhythm of oxygen intake over 60 h is plotted without error bars for clarity (see Supplementary Fig. 4a for average VO2 during light and dark cycles with SEM) (n = 14 (SD), 12 (HFD), 10 (HFD-L), 14 (HFD-H); age = 122 wks; diet = 66 wks).
(d) Daily locomotor activity represented as total movement along the horizontal plane (X Total), ambulatory movement along the horizontal plane (X Amb) and movement across the vertical axis (Z). Ambulatory and vertical movement was reduced in the HFD groups compared with SD, and the high dose of SRT1720 reversed this effect in ambulatory movement (n = 14 (SD), 12 (HFD), 10 (HFD-L), 14 (HFD-H); age = 122 wks; diet = 66 wks). Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.0083 from SD; †P < 0.0083 from HFD.
Figure 3: SRT1720 suppresses apoptosis and restores a more normal gene expression profile indicative of reduced inflammation in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet.
Description Figure-3:
(a) Two indicators of increased programmed cell death, caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation, were increased in the HFD compared with SD. This effect was completely blocked by both doses of SRT1720 (n = 6; age = 82 wks; diet = 26 wks).
(b) Parametric analysis of gene-set enrichment (PAGE) comparing every pathway significantly upregulated (red) or downregulated (blue) by HFD (as compared with SD, 349 pathways of 1687 considered), and the corresponding effects of the low and high doses of SRT1720 on those same pathways (n = 3; age = 82 wks; diet = 26 wks).
(c) The five most highly upregulated and downregulated named genes, based on fold-change in HFD-R compared to HFD (filtering on a false discovery rate of <0.05).
(d) Multiple pro-inflammatory markers including TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS were increased in the HFD mice relative to SD. No significant increase from SD was seen in the HFD-H group, and there was a significant decrease from HFD in the TNF and iNOS expression of the HFD-H livers (n = 6; age = 82 wks; diet = 26 wks). *P < 0.0083 from SD; †P < 0.0083 from HFD.
Figure 4: SRT1720 reduces PGC-1α acetylation in the liver in vivo and increases cell survival and respiration in vitro.
Description Figure-4:
(a) Relative PGC-1α acetylation was analyzed by immunoprecipitation from nuclear extracts from the liver followed by an immunoblot against acetylated lysine residues (n = 8; age = 40 weeks; diet = 12 weeks). Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.0083 from SD.
(b) Oxygen consumption in stimulated, respiration-uncoupled MEFs is expressed as the percent increase over basal respiration. Compared with vehicle-treated cells, only WT MEFs displayed increased capacity for O2 consumption. *P < 0.05 from 0 µM.
(c) Cell survival following oxidative stress by 24 h exposure to H2O2 (500 µM) showed increased survival after pretreatment with SRT1720 was confined to the WT MEFs.
(d) Increases to mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells only occurred in cells that were transfected with non-targeting siRNA, and this effect was blocked by siRNAs that targeted PGC-1α 1 and 2. (e) Concurrently an increase in cellular ATP content was dependent on PGC-1a. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.0083 from 0 µM
Figure 5: SRT1720 rescues respiratory capacity in mitochondria from wild type mice treated with a high fat diet but not after Sirt1 knockout.
Description Figure-5:
(a) State 3 oxygen consumption by mitochondria isolated from the liver was reduced by HFD. Treatment with SRT1720 in the HFD was protective only in WT mice.
(b) Oxygen consumption during state 4 respiration was unchanged by diet or genetic manipulation.
(c) The respiratory control ratio was also reduced by HFD and rescued by SRT1720 only in WT mice, as was FCCP-induced respiration.
(d) n = 4 mice per group; age = 30–32 weeks; diet = 18 weeks. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 from WT SD, #P < 0.05 from KO SD, &P < 0.05 from WT HFD.
